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Article
| Title: | Heart rate and reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD |
|---|---|
| Author(s): | , , , and |
| Journal: | J.Child Psychol.Psychiatry |
| Year: | 2007 |
| Volume: | 48 |
| Issue: | 9 |
| Pages: | 890--898 |
| Publisher address: | Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
| File URL: | vuams-pubs/Luman_2007.pdf |
| Keywords: | Aged, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, CHILDREN, Cross-Over Studies, DISORDER, Feedback, Female, Heart, Heart Rate, heart rate variability, HEART-RATE, HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY, Humans, Male, methods, Netherlands, physiology, physiopathology, Psychomotor Performance, RATE-VARIABILITY, Reinforcement (Psychology), Reward, Time, Time Factors, VARIABILITIES, VARIABILITY |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Both theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12. METHODS: Heart rate responses (HRRs) following feedback and heart rate variability (HRV) in the low frequency band (.04-.08 Hz), a measure of mental effort, were calculated during a time production paradigm. Performance was coupled to monetary gain, loss or feedback-only in a cross-over design. RESULTS: Children with ADHD exhibited smaller HRRs to feedback compared to controls. HRV of children with ADHD decreased when performance was coupled to reward or response cost compared to feedback-only. HRV of controls was similar across conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD were characterised by (a) possible abnormalities in feedback monitoring and (b) motivational deficits, when no external reinforcement is present |